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Diff — Axiom of choice

Revision #1025 → #1724 · back to history

modifiedAxiom of choice (informal)5602deb11b35
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
noteMathlib's Classical.axiomOfChoice yields a choice function from a family of nonempty types.Classical.axiomOfChoice yields a choice function from a family of nonempty types.
modifiedSmallest element of finite subsets of naturals78b1fae2c086
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noteThis is a numeric illustrative example, not a formalizable mathematical statement.Illustrative numeric example, not a formalizable mathematical statement.
modifiedRussell's shoes and socks analogydc329736cd0d
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noteAn informal pedagogical analogy with no formal counterpart.Informal pedagogical analogy with no formal counterpart.
modifiedChoice function0b6aedf4688e
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
modifiedAxiom of choice (formal axiom box)f273aebc3ddd
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
noteThe existence of a choice function for nonempty sets is Classical.axiomOfChoice (built on Lean's Classical.choice).Existence of a choice function for nonempty sets is Classical.axiomOfChoice.
modifiedEquivalent form via Cartesian productd1c206ed2fd9
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noteClassical.nonempty_pi states Nonempty (∀ i, π i) ↔ ∀ i, Nonempty (π i), i.e. the product of nonempty sets is nonempty.Classical.nonempty_pi: Nonempty (∀ i, π i) ↔ ∀ i, Nonempty (π i), i.e. the product of nonempty sets is nonempty.
modifiedPartition/transversal variant7049a0bfdff7
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
noteThe choice axiom is present, but there is no dedicated lemma producing a transversal of a partition.Choice is present, but no dedicated lemma produces a transversal of a partition.
modifiedPowerset choice-function varianta7e709bc57ae
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
notePer-nonempty-subset choice is available via choice, but no packaged powerset choice-function object exists.Per-nonempty-subset choice is available via Classical.axiomOfChoice, but no packaged powerset choice-function object exists.
modifiedFinite collections need no choice (induction)6206ab5a045e
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noteThe nonempty-product lemma covers the finite case, but Mathlib does not isolate a choice-free finite-induction version.Nonempty-product covers the finite case, but Mathlib does not isolate a choice-free finite-induction version.
modifiedCanonical choice via explicit rulee35685ff3016
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noteAn illustrative discussion rather than a formal statement.Illustrative discussion rather than a formal statement.
modifiedSubsets of reals require choice9b02ecb1bed1
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noteAn illustrative remark about when choice is needed, not a formal statement.Illustrative remark, not a formal statement.
modifiedOpen interval has no least elementedf1a31906f7
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noteNo dedicated lemma stating that an open real interval has no least element was found.No dedicated lemma stating an open real interval has no least element was found.
modifiedWell-ordering of reals equivalent to choice function69efad273aea
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mathlib.declCardinal.exists_wellFoundedLTexists_wellOrder
noteThe general well-ordering theorem applies to ℝ, but the stated equivalence with a choice function for sets of reals is not a separate decl.The general well-ordering theorem applies to ℝ via exists_wellOrder, but the stated equivalence with a choice function for sets of reals is not a separate decl.
modifiedConstruction of a non-measurable setb2c69fb40b64
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noteThe Vitali non-measurable set construction is not in Mathlib (docs/1000.yaml points to an external repository).The Vitali non-measurable set construction is not in Mathlib.
modifiedDiaconescu's theorem9f9dd2eec892
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
noteLean derives Classical.em from Classical.choice via Diaconescu's argument; Mathlib re-exports it as the alias em.Lean derives Classical.em from Classical.choice via Diaconescu's argument.
modifiedGlobal choice from limitation of size855b142f8d3a
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noteThe axiom of limitation of size and its implications are not formalized in Mathlib.Limitation of size and its implications are not formalized in Mathlib.
modifiedTarski's axiom stronger than AC3f33098b649c
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noteTarski's axiom (existence of inaccessibles/universes) as a set-theoretic statement is not formalized in Mathlib.Tarski's axiom as a set-theoretic statement is not formalized in Mathlib.
modifiedTrichotomy of cardinalitiese86aabd8f71d
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noteCardinal forms a LinearOrder (its le_total field), so any two cardinalities are comparable.Cardinal forms a LinearOrder, so any two cardinalities are comparable.
modifiedEvery surjection has a right inverse040142117195
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noteA surjection has a right inverse via Function.surjInv / Function.Surjective.hasRightInverse.A surjection has a right inverse via Function.Surjective.hasRightInverse.
modifiedDisjoint collection has transversalfdfe1eb2dfd6
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
modifiedRelation contains a functiona57e77e7822f
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
modifiedMaximal collection with finite intersection property26a865cc8a7c
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noteTukey's lemma gives maximal finite-character families, but the finite-intersection-property phrasing is not a separate decl.Tukey's lemma gives maximal finite-character families, but the FIP phrasing is not a separate decl.
modifiedWell-ordering theorem6a45bf369f37
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mathlib.declCardinal.exists_wellFoundedLTexists_wellOrder
noteZermelo's well-ordering theorem; any type also gets the concrete well-order WellOrderingRel.exists_wellOrder (and the concrete WellOrderingRel) is Zermelo's well-ordering theorem.
modifiedPowerset of an ordinal is well-orderablec51d2e5959f0
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mathlib.declCardinal.exists_wellFoundedLTexists_wellOrder
modifiedEvery vector space has a basisc85afe705eba
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mathlib.declBasis.ofVectorSpaceModule.Basis.ofVectorSpace
noteBasis.ofVectorSpace builds a basis for any vector space over a division ring.Module.Basis.ofVectorSpace builds a basis for any vector space over a division ring.
modifiedBaer's criterion (divisible implies injective)bfa5f89f5b11
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noteModule.Baer.injective is the general Baer criterion; combined with Module.Baer.of_divisible it gives divisible → injective.Module.Baer.injective is the general Baer criterion, giving divisible → injective for ℤ-modules.
modifiedEvery set is a projective object in Set1b640343c32b
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mathlib.declCategoryTheory.Type.enoughProjectivesCategoryTheory.Projective.Type.enoughProjectives
noteAn instance makes every type a projective object (docstring: 'the axiom of choice says every type is a projective object in Type').An instance makes the category Type have enough projectives — every type is projective in Type.
modifiedMaximal consistent superset of first-order sentencesc2cef7b69463
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noteMaximal theories are defined and obtained from models (completeTheory), but a general Lindenbaum extension lemma is not present.Maximal theories are defined and obtainable from models, but a general Lindenbaum extension lemma is not present.
modifiedLöwenheim–Skolem theoremfa3ef0f1a9e6
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noteThe downward Löwenheim–Skolem theorem is formalized (with an upward companion in Satisfiability).Downward Löwenheim–Skolem theorem is formalized.
modifiedEvery connected graph has a spanning tree147ece39d68f
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noteSimpleGraph.IsTree is defined, but there is no theorem producing a spanning tree of an arbitrary connected graph.SimpleGraph.IsTree is defined, but no theorem produces a spanning tree of an arbitrary connected graph.
modifiedInfinite set has countable-infinite subset70449e8fbb54
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noteBuilt on Infinite.natEmbedding, this gives a countably infinite subset of any infinite set.Gives a countably infinite subset of any infinite set.
modifiedVitali theorem (non-measurable sets)62eb73f46dbf
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noteThe Vitali set / existence of a non-measurable set is not in Mathlib (only Vitali covering theory).The Vitali set / existence of a non-measurable set is not in Mathlib.
modifiedInfinite-dimensional spaces have infinite independent subsetdf6d3e93a80f
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mathlib.declBasis.ofVectorSpaceModule.Basis.ofVectorSpace
modifiedCompactness: topological = sequential4ca875ec55e4
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noteisCompact_iff_isSeqCompact equates compactness with sequential compactness (e.g. for metric spaces).isCompact_iff_isSeqCompact equates compactness with sequential compactness on sequential spaces.
modifiedBaire category theorem3a9d0fdd46ab
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noteComplete (pseudo)metrizable spaces are Baire spaces; conclusion lemmas are in Topology.Baire.Lemmas.Complete (pseudo)metrizable spaces are Baire spaces.
modifiedUrysohn's lemma127fc595ef84
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noteUrysohn's lemma is exists_continuous_zero_one_of_isClosed for disjoint closed sets in a normal space.Urysohn's lemma for disjoint closed sets in a normal space.
modifiedGödel's completeness theoremb3662b0f86f1
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noteMathlib's ModelTheory has no syntactic proof system, so the soundness/completeness theorem is not formalized.Mathlib's ModelTheory has no syntactic proof system, so soundness/completeness is not formalized.
modifiedCompactness theorembe382a369623
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noteThe first-order compactness theorem is isSatisfiable_iff_isFinitelySatisfiable.The first-order compactness theorem.
modifiedInjection or surjection between two setsbdec41b9aa02
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noteCardinal comparability (le_total) gives an injection one way; the injection-or-surjection phrasing is not a dedicated decl.Cardinal comparability gives an injection one way; the injection-or-surjection phrasing is not a dedicated decl.
modifiedNo infinite decreasing sequence of cardinalsa1fe9a2dcc5b
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noteCardinal.lt_wf (and WellFoundedLT Cardinal) shows < on cardinals is well-founded, ruling out infinite descent.Cardinal.lt_wf shows < on cardinals is well-founded, ruling out infinite descent.
modifiedBaire property of all reals stronger than ¬AC587b2c8276d4
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noteThe statement that every set of reals has the Baire property is not formalized in Mathlib.Not formalized in Mathlib.
modifiedAxiom of choice in type theory0ea9cebe7b69
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Logic.BasicInit.Classical
noteThe type-theoretic choice (∀x ∃y R x y → ∃f ∀x R x (f x)) is exactly Classical.axiomOfChoice / Classical.skolem.Type-theoretic choice (∀x ∃y R x y → ∃f ∀x R x (f x)) is exactly Classical.axiomOfChoice.
addedAxiom of choice formulated by Zermelo (1904)3957017ec137
addedZermelo–Fraenkel set theory with choice (ZFC)0811e3e37ed8
addedAxiom of determinacy7add12ce52ff