WikiLeanRecent changes · Proposals · Flags · Stats · About

Diff — Characterizations of the exponential function

Revision #1074 → #2465 · back to history

modifiedProduct limit definitionc4445c768190
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteMathlib defines Real.exp / NormedSpace.exp via a power series, not as the product limit (1 + x/n)^n; no declaration formalizes this alternative definition.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedPower series definitiona4786e492fc8
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.declNormedSpace.exp_eq_tsum_div
mathlib.match_kindexact
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.Normed.Algebra.Exponential
noteMathlib's canonical definition of the exponential (NormedSpace.exp via NormedSpace.expSeries) is exactly this power series, and NormedSpace.exp_eq_tsum_div/NormedSpace.exp_eq_tsum witness the tsum form.
statusformalized
modifiedInverse of logarithm integral definitionb04efe385120
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.declReal.exp_log
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic
noteReal.log is defined via the exponential order-iso (not as ∫1/t) but Real.exp_log gives the inverse relationship and integral_one_div_of_pos ties the integral to log, so only the definitional route is missing.
statuspartial
modifiedDifferential equation definition226abe8ecd65
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.declReal.hasDerivAt_exp
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.ExpDeriv
noteMathlib proves Real.hasDerivAt_exp (exp'=exp) and Real.exp_zero=1, but does not define exp as the unique solution of y'=y with y(0)=1.
statuspartial
modifiedFunctional equation definitioncfa33d9399e0
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.declReal.exp_add
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.Complex.Exponential
noteReal.exp_add / Complex.exp_add formalize the multiplicative property, but exp is not defined by this functional equation plus a regularity+normalization condition.
statuspartial
modifiedElementary definition by powers81e4cd89a413
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteMathlib's Real.rpow routes through exp/log rather than through a distinguished base b characterized by lim (b^h−1)/h = 1, so this elementary characterization is not present as a definition.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedError of product limit expressionfe414e0329c1
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteNo Mathlib lemma bounds the difference exp(x) − (1+x/n)^n by the leading O(x^2/n) term of this expansion.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedConvergence of power seriesf6f4a29b9204
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.declNormedSpace.expSeries_radius_eq_top
mathlib.match_kindexact
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.Normed.Algebra.Exponential
noteNormedSpace.expSeries_radius_eq_top shows the exponential series has infinite radius of convergence, i.e. converges for every argument.
statusformalized
modifiedLogarithm integral is a bijectiond23570e890ed
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.declReal.expOrderIso
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic
noteReal.expOrderIso (exp: ℝ ≃ ℝ>0) and Real.log_injOn_pos witness that log is a bijection ℝ>0 → ℝ, but not via the integral characterization.
statuspartial
modifiedExistence of base for elementary definition1be8e2b41ceb
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteThe claim that lim (b^h−1)/h exists for every b>0 and yields ln b is not stated in Mathlib as a standalone existence result driving an alternative definition.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedCharacterization 1 equivalent to Characterization 2922ce2cad937
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteNo Mathlib theorem proves the product-limit form equals the power-series form of exp.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedCharacterization 1 equivalent to Characterization 3cf9903c8ea65
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteNo Mathlib equivalence between the product-limit characterization and the inverse-of-∫1/t characterization is stated.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedCharacterization 1 equivalent to Characterization 434462eba89b5
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteThe Euler-method argument connecting the product-limit definition to the ODE definition is not formalized.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedCharacterization 2 equivalent to Characterization 4ade61e640a81
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.declhasDerivAt_exp
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Exponential
notehasDerivAt_exp + NormedSpace.exp_zero establish that the power-series exp satisfies the ODE, but the reverse direction (uniqueness giving 4 ⇒ 2) is not packaged as an equivalence.
statuspartial
modifiedCharacterization 2 implies Characterization 5d9039f2a5992
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.declReal.exp_add
mathlib.match_kindexact
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.Complex.Exponential
noteReal.exp_add (and Complex.exp_add / NormedSpace.exp_add_of_commute) prove multiplicativity directly from the power-series definition.
statusformalized
modifiedCharacterization 3 equivalent to Characterization 47d329fb4d53f
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteNo Mathlib theorem states the equivalence of the inverse-of-∫1/t definition and the ODE definition of exp.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedCharacterization 5 implies Characterization 4779ed6faadb6
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteNo Mathlib result derives the ODE characterization from the multiplicative-plus-regularity characterization.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedCharacterization 5 implies Characterization 4 (alternate)55cf619eb130
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteThe alternate proof deducing y'=y from f(x+y)=f(x)f(y) plus f'(0)=1 is not present in Mathlib.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedCharacterization 5 equivalent to Characterization 6685624a9c9c1
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteMathlib does not link the multiplicative-property characterization to the b^x elementary characterization as an if-and-only-if.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedLebesgue-integrability implies continuity (5 ⇒ 6)64ba9e10bcbe
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteNo Mathlib lemma proves that a Lebesgue-integrable solution of the Cauchy multiplicative functional equation is continuous.
statusnot_formalized
modifiedCounterexample for complex initial conditions96b81fb5a6db
FieldFrom #1074To #2465
mathlib.decl
mathlib.match_kind
mathlib.module
noteThe counterexample showing that the characterizations fail on ℂ without further conditions is not formalized in Mathlib.
statusnot_formalized
addedNatural logarithm as integralb8da137d2613
addedExtension to complex domain via analytic continuation362b4dbb4bac
addedDefinitions (1), (2), (4) extend to Banach algebras65128cce2163
addedIntegrand 1/t is integrable, integral well-definedaabebaaace47
addedSurjectivity via divergence of harmonic series6d95d26cf4f0
addedIntermediate value theorem guarantees existence of base26b433eaf824
addedBinomial theorem bound in Rudin's argument09da0e939ef9
addedExtension of equivalence to negative reals278e52733191
addedFundamental theorem of calculus applied to ln11b505610e8d
addedLogarithm power rule ln(a^n) = n ln(a)b7af0a73e956
addedEuler's method converges to exact solution0d3a82591b0e
addedNonzero function is nonzero everywhere4ecb468fdb1c
addedContinuity at one point implies continuity everywhere2165953f6682