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Diff — Exponential growth

Revision #1209 → #1823 · back to history

modifiedBasic exponential formula with time constant53191ddf8245
FieldFrom #1209To #1823
anchors[{"section":"Basic formula","snippet":"A quantity x depends exponentially on time t"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle x(t)=a\\cdot b^{t/\\tau }}"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle x(0)=a\\,,}"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle x(t+\\tau )=a\\cdot b^{(t+\\tau )/\\tau }=a\\cdot b^{t/\\tau }\\cdot b^{\\tau /\\tau }=x(t)\\cdot b\\,.}"}]
modifiedEquivalent forms via change of base0fb07a96438e
FieldFrom #1209To #1823
anchors[{"section":"Basic formula","snippet":"Thus the law of exponential growth can be written in different but mathematically equivalent forms, by using a different base"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle x(t)=x_{0}\\cdot e^{kt}=x_{0}\\cdot e^{t/\\tau }=x_{0}\\cdot 2^{t/T}=x_{0}\\cdot \\left(1+{\\frac {r}{100}}\\right)^{t/p},}"}]
modifiedOne-to-one connection between k, τ, T, r065ac1fadf19
FieldFrom #1209To #1823
anchors[{"section":"Basic formula","snippet":"have a one-to-one connection given by the following equation"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle k={\\frac {1}{\\tau }}={\\frac {\\ln 2}{T}}={\\frac {\\ln \\left(1+{\\frac {r}{100}}\\right)}{p}}}"}]
modifiedLog-linear reformulation74b98392da12
FieldFrom #1209To #1823
anchors[{"section":"Reformulation as log-linear growth","snippet":"then the log (to any base) of x grows linearly over time, as can be seen by taking logarithms of both sides of the exponential growth equation"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle \\log x(t)=\\log x_{0}+t\\cdot \\log(1+r).}"}]
modifiedExponential function satisfies linear ODE32439a964a65
FieldFrom #1209To #1823
anchors[{"section":"Differential equation","snippet":"satisfies the linear differential equation"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle {\\frac {dx}{dt}}=kx}"}]
mathlib.match_kindexactspecial_case
note`Real.hasDerivAt_exp : HasDerivAt exp (exp x) x` (and `Real.deriv_exp : deriv exp = exp`) state that `exp` solves `x' = x`.`Real.hasDerivAt_exp : HasDerivAt exp (exp x) x` solves the k=1 case `x' = x`; the general `x' = kx` characterization with arbitrary `k` is not packaged as a single named theorem.
provenanceaiai-moderated
statusformalizedpartial
modifiedSolution by direct integration92f96117139c
FieldFrom #1209To #1823
anchors[{"section":"Differential equation","snippet":"The differential equation is solved by direct integration"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}{\\frac {dx}{dt}}&=kx\\\\[5pt]{\\frac {dx}{x}}&=k\\,dt\\\\[5pt]\\int _{x_{0}}^{x(t)}{\\frac {dx}{x}}&=k\\int _{0}^{t}\\,dt\\\\[5pt]\\ln {\\frac {x(t)}{x_{0}}}&=kt.\\end{aligned}}}"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle x(t)=x_{0}e^{kt}.}"}]
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Analysis.ODE.GronwallMathlib.Analysis.ODE.ExistUnique
modifiedExponential dominates polynomial growthcd785fabeb91
FieldFrom #1209To #1823
anchors[{"section":"Other growth rates","snippet":"exponential growth of any kind will overtake linear growth of any kind"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle \\lim _{t\\to \\infty }{\\frac {t^{\\alpha }}{ae^{t}}}=0.}"}]
mathlib.declReal.isLittleO_rpow_exp_atTopisLittleO_rpow_exp_atTop
note`Real.isLittleO_rpow_exp_atTop` shows `x ^ s =o[atTop] exp` for any real `s`, formalizing that exponentials dominate polynomial growth.`isLittleO_rpow_exp_atTop` shows `x ^ s =o[atTop] Real.exp` for any real `s`, formalizing that exponentials dominate polynomial growth.
addedLogistic growthd13146451cd0
addedCompound interestab47be887f43
addedExponential complexity 2^x doubles per unit input5225d9254714