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Diff — Group (mathematics)

Revision #1278 → #1832 · back to history

modifiedGroup (informal)47f79580c97e
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noteThe `Group` typeclass in Mathlib captures exactly the informal notion of a set with a binary operation satisfying the group axioms.The `Group` typeclass in Mathlib captures the informal notion of a set with an associative binary operation, identity, and inverses.
modifiedIntegers under addition5ae3bce6d4bb
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anchors[{"section":"First example: the integers","snippet":"One of the more familiar groups is the set of integers"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle \\mathbb {Z} =\\{\\ldots ,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,\\ldots \\}}"}]
mathlib.declInt.instCommGroupInt.instAddCommGroup
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Data.Int.DefsMathlib.Algebra.Group.Int.Defs
noteMathlib equips `ℤ` with an `AddCommGroup` (and hence `AddGroup`) instance.Mathlib equips `ℤ` with `Int.instAddCommGroup`, giving the standard additive group structure (the previously cited `Int.instCommGroup` does not exist).
modifiedGroup (formal definition)238f9ad5f3b9
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note`class Group (G : Type u) extends DivInvMonoid G` is the direct formalization at `Mathlib/Algebra/Group/Defs.lean:1192`.`class Group (G : Type u) extends DivInvMonoid G` in `Mathlib/Algebra/Group/Defs.lean` is the direct formalization.
modifiedAbelian group9018b154f420
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note`class CommGroup extends Group, CommMonoid` at `Mathlib/Algebra/Group/Defs.lean:1275` (additive variant `AddCommGroup`).`class CommGroup extends Group, CommMonoid` (additive variant `AddCommGroup`).
modifiedUniqueness of inversesbb7f20d1f8cf
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note`left_inv_eq_right_inv` (and `inv_eq_of_mul_eq_one_right`) show any left/right inverse equals the canonical inverse.`left_inv_eq_right_inv` shows any left inverse equals any right inverse, giving uniqueness of inverses.
modifiedSubgroup04e81c4f24a4
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note`structure Subgroup (G : Type*) [Group G] extends Submonoid G` at `Mathlib/Algebra/Group/Subgroup/Defs.lean:295`.`structure Subgroup (G : Type*) [Group G] extends Submonoid G` in `Mathlib/Algebra/Group/Subgroup/Defs.lean`.
modifiedCosets and normal subgroupdde8c01bbe13
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note`Subgroup.Normal` is defined at line 605, and cosets are formalized via `QuotientGroup.leftRel` in `Mathlib.GroupTheory.Coset.Basic`.`Subgroup.Normal` formalizes normal subgroups; cosets are formalized via `QuotientGroup.leftRel` in `Mathlib.GroupTheory.Coset.Defs`.
modifiedLeft cosets form a partitionb4e40811e9bc
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.GroupTheory.Coset.BasicMathlib.GroupTheory.Coset.Defs
modifiedQuotient group3784300d51a5
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anchors[{"section":"Quotient groups","snippet":"is called a quotient group or factor group"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle G/N=\\{gN\\mid g\\in G\\}}"}]
note`G ⧸ N` with `[N.Normal]` carries a `Group` instance built via `QuotientGroup.con N`.`G ⧸ N` with `[N.Normal]` carries a `Group` instance built via `QuotientGroup.Quotient.group`.
modifiedNonzero rationals under multiplication6a1d968abc84
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Data.Rat.DefsMathlib.Algebra.Field.Rat
note`ℚ` is a `Field`, so `ℚˣ` is a `CommGroup` under multiplication via the standard `Units` construction.`ℚ` is a `Field` (via `Rat.instField`), so `ℚˣ` is a `CommGroup` under multiplication via the standard `Units` construction.
modifiedModular addition group Z/nZ3c8746444a82
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.Data.ZMod.BasicMathlib.Data.ZMod.Defs
note`ZMod n` is the additive group ℤ/nℤ, with `quotientZMultiplesNatEquivZMod` showing `ℤ ⧸ ⟨n⟩ ≃+ ZMod n`.`ZMod n` is the additive group ℤ/nℤ, with `Int.quotientZMultiplesNatEquivZMod` showing `ℤ ⧸ ⟨n⟩ ≃+ ZMod n`.
modifiedMultiplicative group of integers modulo a primec447fb1806d9
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anchors[{"section":"Modular arithmetic","snippet":"there is also the multiplicative group of integers modulo"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle a\\cdot b\\equiv 1{\\pmod {p}},}"}]
mathlib.moduleMathlib.Data.ZMod.UnitsMathlib.Data.ZMod.Basic
note`(ZMod p)ˣ` is the unit group; cardinality and structure are developed in `Mathlib.Data.ZMod.Units`.`(ZMod p)ˣ` is the unit group; `ZMod.unitsEquivCoprime` characterises units as coprime residues.
modifiedCyclic group1d967083eed1
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anchors[{"section":"Cyclic groups","snippet":"A cyclic group is a group all of whose elements are powers of a particular element"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle \\dots ,a^{-3},a^{-2},a^{-1},a^{0},a,a^{2},a^{3},\\dots ,}"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle \\dots ,(-a)+(-a),-a,0,a,a+a,\\dots .}"}]
note`class IsCyclic (G : Type u) [Pow G ℤ] : Prop` at `Mathlib/Algebra/Group/Defs.lean:1028` asserts every element is a power of a generator.`class IsCyclic` in `Mathlib.Algebra.Group.Defs` asserts every element is a power of a generator.
modifiedGroup of nth roots of unity103264566d1e
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note`rootsOfUnity n M` is the subgroup of `Mˣ` of n-th roots of unity; `rootsOfUnity.isCyclic` proves cyclicity over an integral domain.`rootsOfUnity n M` is the subgroup of `Mˣ` of n-th roots of unity, with cyclicity proved over integral domains.
modifiedInfinite cyclic group is isomorphic to Z0befe35c6471
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note`intCyclicMulEquiv : Multiplicative ℤ ≃* G` (and additive variant `intCyclicAddEquiv`) realize the isomorphism for any infinite cyclic group.`intCyclicMulEquiv : Multiplicative ℤ ≃* G` realises the isomorphism for any infinite cyclic group.
modifiedGroup actionfe168c28c5be
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note`class MulAction (α β) [Monoid α]` formalizes group/monoid actions; specialized to a group it is the standard notion.`class MulAction (α β) [Monoid α]` formalizes group/monoid actions; specialised to a group it is the standard notion.
modifiedGalois group of the quadratic73d712656d9e
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anchors[{"section":"Galois groups","snippet":"the solutions of the quadratic equation"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle x={\\frac {-b\\pm {\\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}{2a}}.}"}]
modifiedCayley's theorem5167e2a5f751
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note`MulAction.toPermHom G G : G →* Equiv.Perm G` gives the Cayley embedding, but I did not find a named lemma asserting injectivity as 'Cayley's theorem'.`MulAction.toPermHom G G : G →* Equiv.Perm G` provides the Cayley embedding, but no named lemma asserting injectivity as 'Cayley's theorem' was located.
modifiedOrder of an elementd7075726d1d3
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anchors[{"section":"Finite groups","snippet":"The order of an element"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle \\underbrace {a\\cdots a} _{n{\\text{ factors}}},}"}]
note`orderOf x` is defined at `Mathlib/GroupTheory/OrderOfElement.lean:180` as the smallest positive n with `x^n = 1`.`orderOf x` is the smallest positive n with `x^n = 1` (or 0 if none), defined in `Mathlib.GroupTheory.OrderOfElement`.
modifiedLagrange's theoreme71719ffaea1
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.GroupTheory.IndexMathlib.GroupTheory.Coset.Card
note`card_subgroup_dvd_card` states |H| divides |G| for a subgroup H of a finite group G.`Subgroup.card_subgroup_dvd_card` states |H| divides |G| for a subgroup H of a finite group G.
modifiedGroups of prime order are cyclic3d7ae2fc1e20
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mathlib.moduleMathlib.GroupTheory.SpecificGroups.CyclicMathlib.GroupTheory.SpecificGroups.Cyclic.Basic
modifiedSimple groupa3a7f3e45d23
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note`class IsSimpleGroup : Prop extends Nontrivial G` at `Mathlib/GroupTheory/Subgroup/Simple.lean:38`.`class IsSimpleGroup : Prop extends Nontrivial G` characterises simple groups via their normal-subgroup lattice.
modifiedGeneral linear group as a Lie group22ac1fcdd5cc
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anchors[{"section":"Lie groups","snippet":"A standard example is the general linear group introduced above"},{"type":"math_alttext","value":"{\\displaystyle \\det(A)\\neq 0,}"}]
mathlib.moduleMathlib.LinearAlgebra.GeneralLinearGroup.BasicMathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.GeneralLinearGroup.Defs
noteGLₙ is defined and the smooth-manifold/Lie-group instance machinery exists, but I did not locate an explicit `LieGroup` instance on `GL n ℝ`.GLₙ is defined and the smooth-manifold/Lie-group machinery exists, but I did not locate an explicit `LieGroup` instance on `GL n ℝ`.
modifiedMonoid (relaxation)7ff9b735fd7a
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note`class Monoid extends Semigroup, MulOneClass` at `Mathlib/Algebra/Group/Defs.lean:652`.`class Monoid extends Semigroup, MulOneClass` formalises monoids in `Mathlib.Algebra.Group.Defs`.
addedAssociativity47651355fff9
addedCategory of groupsc5ea2a94fe74
addedIdentity homomorphism7da11da89530
addedFree group83da400d4c59
addedCayley graph1665e8618581
addedFundamental group6522134455c3
addedCenter of a group133d997f4dfc
addedCommutator subgroup636c1ab85265
addedSylow theoremsaf5d0a970995
addedJordan–Hölder theorema37ba1c22425
addedGrothendieck groupaf2c074401cd
addedSpecial orthogonal group SO(n)7246133edd2c
addedGroup object in a categoryab49c02c0ac0